Epistemology - Are science and religion in conflict Essay

The relationship between science and religion is a difficult one and the two sides have tested each other and debated each other in many forums. Some believe there are major differences in science and religion and that the two can never coexist while others believe that science is in fact evidence that religious views are correct. To better understand and answer the question of whether the two sides really do conflict we will look at: my view on the subject, the definitions of both science and religion, basic arguments of both sides, scientific evolution, differing religions and religious views, the compatible versus incompatible argument, how religion has influenced science and views from the modern day scientist. My views on scientific†¦show more content†¦Religious leaders insist that without faith we do not have anything. Science is defined as: â€Å"the state of knowing: knowledge as distinguished from ignorance or misunderstanding.† (Merriam-Webster, 2012) The conflict between science and religion is clear, it is simply the â€Å"state of knowing† versus the state of unknowing. Many religious scientists, priests and clerics believe in an argument called the first cause argument. This means that there must be an explanation for the beginning of the universe. If we were to pretend that time and existence is a tangible object such as a string we notice that it has a beginning and an end. It is simply impossible that time and our existence stretch back infinitely. This argument claims that something or someone must have â€Å"created† the universe in order to bring us into existence. A beginning was required and God created the universe. Atheists believe creationism to be a myth and debunk the notion that there must be a beginning. They hold tightly to the Darwin theory of evolution providing fossil remains as ironclad proof. These remains suggest that they are different â€Å"earlier† versions of present day animals and people. Many Scientists believe in the theory of evolution but claim that this theory is not the only reason for ruling out reli gion. Religion and the theory of higher existence cannot be proven. It is the fact that GodShow MoreRelatedEpistemology Vs. Theory Of Knowledge870 Words   |  4 PagesEpistemology, technically speaking, covers one third of all philosophical enquiry, and it is the branch most concerned with faith. Epistemology, or the theory of knowledge, is always asking questions like, how do you know that, how do you know anything, what is knowledge, what signifies knowledge as fact as opposed to an opinion? How to you get to fact from opinion? I use epistemological questions to level the playing field across all my work. Here are some examples: In Broad Apologetic TheoryRead MoreScience Reflection Paper967 Words   |  4 Pagesunit is called â€Å"What is Science?† and the first thing that brings to my mind is that â€Å"It’s everywhere!†. I also remember that the word science comes from the Latin word â€Å"scientia† which means â€Å"to know†. From computers to plants to cells to outer space, science is found everywhere. It has different branches, from medicine, to biology, to physics. The list goes on and on and on. But what exactly is science? How does science affect humanity? How does philosophy, science and religion relate to each otherRead MoreThe Purpose Of An English Teacher1630 Words   |  7 PagesRichard D. Hecht Vincent F. Biondo, quoting the First Amendment Center, concerning the role of religion in the American public school system, writes, â€Å"The school’s approach to religion is academic, not devotional. The school strives for student awareness of religions, b ut it does not press for student acceptance of any one religion. The school sponsors study about religion, not the practice of religion† (623). The approach the American public school systems have taken is one that, in some ways,Read MoreThe Racial Contract1029 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Racial Contract, it is argued that contemporary structures of white domination in the United States operate by means of an epistemology of ignorance for white people. White people inadvertently suffer from cognitive dysfunctions such that they cannot understand the racially (and racistly) structured world in which they live and, indeed, helped create. For Mills, while no person of any race is self-transparent, becoming a white person entails a particularly extreme form of self-opacity regardingRead More The Racial Contract Essay998 Words   |  4 Pages In The Racial Contract, it is argued that contemporary structures of white domination in the United States operate by means of an epistemo logy of ignorance for white people. White people inadvertently suffer from cognitive dysfunctions such that they cannot understand the racially (and racistly) structured world in which they live and, indeed, helped create. For Mills, while no person of any race is self-transparent, becoming a white person entails a particularly extreme form of self-opacity regardingRead MoreNotes on Chapter Two- Does the Center Hold? Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesTruth Is Beauty, Beauty Is Truth Rationalist Epistemology Epistemology * Theory of knowledge; often provokes big questions on the meaning and justifications of conventional knowledge. * Ex; What is knowledge? Can we know anything for certain? What are the limitations of what we know? * Socrates began to question the usual perceptions of knowledge, advocating for a clearer picture than common sense allowed. The Philosophy of Plato * You cannot claim to know somethingRead MoreEpistemology And Its Impact On Human Relations1839 Words   |  8 Pagesphilosophy has manifested great contribution in helping people achieve harmonious existence by relying on reason in arguments via successful communication and decision making processes. Epistemology, ontology, and axiology are some of the philosophical branches that investigate knowledge and information validity. Epistemology is the study of knowledge, its justification, and belief rationality while ontology is a metaphysics branch that studies the nature of existence and being. Axiology is the study ofRead MoreConflicts Between Science and Religion1662 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Introduction - In science, evolution is one of the basic templates for understanding the biology of an organism or ecological unit. Essentially, it is the change in inherited traits of a population through a process called natural selection in which only the strongest traits are appropr iately adapted to the environment in question. Those traits from parents who are healthier and live longer are then passed down to future generations where the traits are amplified if the organism thrives. EvolutionRead MoreCultural Anthropology : Physical Anthropology3800 Words   |  16 PagesAnthropology: It is a general comprehensive science of man in the past and present of any culture. This is divided into two main areas: physical anthropology, dealing with biological evolution and physiological adaptation of humans, and social or cultural anthropology that deals with people living in society, ie forms of evolution of language, culture and customs. Anthropology uses tools and knowledge produced by the natural sciences and the social sciences. Aspiration of anthropological disciplineRead MoreThe Political Philosophy Of Politics Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagescitizenship, how a government and political communities should be organized, and how social goods should be distributed justly. Within the discussion of these political issues brings up questions of two important philosophical issues—ontology and epistemology—as well as how ancient and modern theories regarding the two issues are integrated into political theory. The issue of immigration and citizenship raises controversy in today’s political narrative. Contemporary liberals and conservatives generally

Business Model Free Essays

1. Introduction In recent years, more and more companies focus on their business model. Compare with traditional business model, a new business model can provide some completive benefits and lower costs to companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now It means the innovation of business model can bring companies much profit. Therefore this paper report focus on different kinds of new business model in social network industry, and analysis the benefits of Facebook’s business model. In the first section, this paper report will give a definition of business model. It will include what are business model, and the importance of business model. Moreover, through business model canvas theory, paper report given some suggests about how to design companies’ business model. Then, this report provided a system of special examples in relative industries such as Google, Amazon, Groupon and Skype. Through these examples, paper report analyzed the importance and successful of business model. At last, paper report examined Facebook’s business model in two fields: revenue streams and customer strategy. 2. Business model 2. 1 Definition of business model In terms of the most rudimentary level, Stewart and Zhao (2000) approached that ‘‘business model as a statement of how a firm will make money and sustain its profit stream over time. ’ (Stewart DW, 2000) It means business mode is the way of how company earns money and keeping their customers. However, at the operational level, business model could be described an architectural configuration. It will focus on the company’s internal process and helping firms design a kind of structure. This structure enables firms to create value and attach customers. Michael M, 2005) Furthermore, at the strategy level business model also include the firm’s market position, growth opportunities, competitive advantage and sustainability. 2. Decision of business model When a company decides their business model, a large number of fields should be considering. Such as firm’s vision, value configurations, stakeholder relationship and target customers. When a firm wan ts to design their business model, they will consider some main points and ask some questions such as: How to select their target customers and How to captures profit? (Michael M, 2005) Moreover, manager also should pay attention to some other key points. This picture showed the business model canvas in firms. (Business Model Alchemist, 2011) When firm design their business model, they should consider of their customer segment, revenue streams, cost structure, key resource, customer relationship, key partnerships, channels and key activities. All of these can help manager capture, understand, design, analysis and change their business logic. 3. Use of business model Business model can be defined as a conceptualization of a firm’s money earning logic. And it will assume 4 categories of function: sharing, analyzing and prospects of business models. (Alexander. O. , 2004) ? Understand and share Business model is a kind of tool to help firm share and understand their business logic. Business can simplify some complex and abstract consequences, and make stakeholders to understand it easily. Therefore business model will improve the understanding, visualization, communication and business logic sharing. ? Analyze Business model also could be contributed in analysis of business logic of a company. It could be used to identify relevant measures to follow, observe the change they faced with and compare their competitive advantages with other companies. ? Prospect Furthermore, another contribution of business model is helping firms to prospect their further development trend. Through the simulation and the analysis of business model portfolios, firms will have an ability to foresee innovation and increase readiness for the future. 2. Business model in relative industry 3. 1 Business model of Amazon. com Amazon has a very famous business model about their online book store. Their business changed from a simple book store to the largest online retails. Actually, Amazon chose the perfect product lines for e-commerce to provide some connivance to their customers. Through their excellent distribution channel, Amazon making their customer book products online, and using postal system deliver products to their customers’ address. This business model make Amazon can save their fixed cost because they did not need to pay high overheads. In one term, they did not to pay a premium rents to ensure their store in central locations. In another term they can not pay salaries to sales representatives. Therefore they can sell their products for a lower price. (Amazon. com, 2011) 3. 2 Business model of Google As one of the profitable company, Google have an excellent business model. Although Google provide service for free, yet their profitability is higher than other company. Actually Google’s product is not their web page but their users. As similar as the traditional media, advertisers are Google’s main customers and they will pay Google for their advertisements in Google’s web page. However the different is that Google’s income will be decided by user’s behavior. Depend on their successful model â€Å"Google adwords†, advertisers will pay for every time Google’s user clicked their advertisements in Google. Moreover, if a key word connects with a large number of advertisers’ products, advertisers can through the way of ‘Pay for Performance’ to improve their rank. This service will bring some extra income to Google. 3. 3 Business model of Skype Skype is another good example for feermium business model. Every register user can use their free basic service such as calling other Skype user online. Because of the zero barriers to entry, the users of Skype are growing constantly. Most of Skype’s users are stick to these basic free services, but there are some Skype’s users will pay for their extra services such as call to other people outside Skype. These premium users are large enough to support Skype’s profitable. (Telco 2. 0, 2011) Moreover, thanks to a large number of Skype users, some companies will like to advertise in Skype, these advertisements are another income source for Skype. 3. 4 Business model of Groupon Business model called ‘Group-buying’ as a new shopping pattern is very popular in all of the word. It is comes from a website in the U. S. A called Groupon. This is a kind of platform that musters people who interest in the same product and make them to buy it together. In one term, Groupon muster customer together to improve their bargaining power, which will make customers buy something cheaper. In another term, it will bring scale effects to service provider, and it is a good way to do word of mouth marketing. In this process, service provider will pay some preparations of net profit in this group purchase to Groupon, and this is the main income resource of Group on. Craig. P, 2011) 3. Business model of Facebook 4. 1 Definition of Facebook’s business model As one of the biggest social network website, Facebook’s business model is absolute successful. In one term, Facebook is a platform to help people building and maintaining their social network. In another term, Facebook will become a big third party applications platform and provide some apps such as games to th eir users. 2. Facebook’s revenue streams In the graph, it will show the Facebook’s information flows (grey arrows) and revenue streams (black arrows). It is clear that, Facebook has two kinds of income resource: advertisements and Facebook users’ paying in for addition services or entertainment. Facebook have two types of advertisement: Firstly they will put advertises in their webpage directly. Everybody who has a Facebook user account can do that from Facebook’s portal. Secondly, Facebook putting advertisements through Microsoft banners. Through this kind of advertisement brings more than 24o millions dollar to Facebook. (Adam H, 2011). Furthermore, another main revenue source of Facebook is their users. As a big third party applications platform, Facebook cooperate with some apps developers and provide some useful apps and games. When people want to play it, they need to buy virtual money in Facebook. And then, they profit will be distribute by Facebook and apps developers. 3. Facebook’s customer strategic Because Facebook’s profits and information from their users, therefore users played an important role in Facebook. Therefore Facebook made many customer strategies to attach and keeping customers. Actually Facebook’s customer strategic always has slicks, just like Michael Huston said: â€Å"If you’re not on Facebook. om by now, then you’re either protesting it deliberately in an attempt to avoid doing what everybody else is doing, or you’re afraid that stalkers will use it to come after you. † (Barton. Z. , 2011) Through their original users’ network, Facebook will encourage their inviting their friends and family members to register Facebook. That is the reason why Facebook’s users keep growing. 4. Conclusion From the above discussion, business model designed the profit pattern of firms. Through design their business model, firms will have a clear idea about their position in market and helping them defines basic business logic. Moreover, the innovation of business model will offer competitive advantages to firms such attract consumers’ attention and saving firms’ fixed cost. Especially in social network industry, some successful business model such as Google, Groupon and Skype through their free online service to make profits from their users’ behavior. As similar as Facebook, through their third party applications platform and advertisement platform Facebook’s market share has a great growth in recent years. Furthermore, Facebook also have a good customer strategy and it helping them keeps their loyal customers. How to cite Business Model, Essay examples Business model Free Essays What has made Louis Vuitton’s business model successful in the Japanese luxury market? The first step was to create a global brand and setting up a multinational corporation, but the most important point was to create an international image. Louis Vuitton in order to have success during the growth of the brand, they had used a different set of marketing strategies involving the marketing mix, and the success came because of the positioning strategies they used, the process was longer, onsidering to build an entire brand image characterized of class, luxury and elegance, defining Louis Vuitton like a fashion brand. But in the fashion world brands have to differentiate their products from the competition very well, this is why Louis Vuitton takes in consideration this important point. We will write a custom essay sample on Business model or any similar topic only for you Order Now When they arrived to Japan, they had been following an aggressive marketing strategy, opening extravagant stores. This was possible by the integration of communication strategies and good team performance brand. lt can be done through a combination of communication trategies and the product itself A world brand is defined as the world wide use of a name, term, symbol, design or combination of these concepts to In a simplified table or chart, specify the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan. Opportunities Challenges Adapt its strategy in the Japanese market, facing a weak economy and a shift in consumer preferences. Reducing its risky dependence on the Japanese market Fight against worldwide counterfeiting Face with the posible departure of Jacobs, their principle designer 3. How did the firm enter the Japanese market originally? 4. Explain how the brand can remain on top in an extremely competitive and changing industry. First i consider to divide in four concepts in order to explain how the brand Product: they focused on sell products with a hig quality, Place / Distribution: had stablished a strictly controlled distribution netwrok backed of an efficient structuring of the company that relied on continously increasing productiviy in design and manufacturing. Promotion / Communication: Price: 5. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market? How to cite Business model, Papers

School Self-Defense Opinion Paper free essay sample

I know that no two schools are the same. The rules may be similar, but they are not equal. However I believe that there should be one rule that should always be that same in all schools. The self-defense rule means that if a student or bully attacks another student or if that bully is harassing the victim, the victim can defend themselves without fear of suspension or expulsion. Most schools have the no tolerance rule, but that in my opinion harms students than helps. With the no tolerance in place a student can not protect himself or herself when being pursued by a bully. the bully can lie his way out of it. When the student is hit by a bully, he cat fight back and defend himself without fear of suspension or expulsion. The self defense rule is a much better choice, because the student can protect him or herself, the students can solve their own problems, and in the future they are better prepared for the real world. We will write a custom essay sample on School Self-Defense Opinion Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the self defense rule in Grundy Center, students will be able to solve their own problems through a little fght. Back in the day when the staff was in school they did not have the no tolerance rule, and they turned out just fine. What would generally playout is that the bully would pick on the kid and hen the kid would probably get mad and retaliate. after a short fght the teachers would break up the fight and that would be the end of it. My dad told me ofa time when he was in school he was watching this bully pick on a kid and the kid got mad and punched the bully in the nose and broke it. The bully did not mess with the kid after that and the bully got suspended and the kid basically became a hero. Another example is that at my old school an ex-friend of mine was mad at me for something, so he decided to come up to me and punch me in the back of the head, in n instant from Just retaliating from a mysterious hit to the head I swing and hit him in the face and give him a black eye. Well as it turned out he got suspended for a week and I was not punished. After that me and the ex friend got along a little better but not close friends again. Also, me and a teammate got into a fght after school one day well, we did not get into trouble but it did help with the problem we had. Since that fght we have gotten along a lot more and we did not fght again. So in conclusion the self-defense rule can help the students a lot more than the no tolerance rule would. It will help the students learn to solve their own problems and take care of themselves without adult intervention. It also helps the students prepare for the world when they leave, if a student goes into the world believing that they should never ever get into a fght then when they get attacked in an alley or get into a situation that would require self-defense, they might Just get into a fetal position and hope they dont get killed. On the other hand if a student fights back when needed and they protect themself they have a greater chance of not getting hurt. School Self-Defense Opinion Paper By applegated96

Female Spies in World War I and World War II

Female Spies in World War I and World War II While almost every nation yet prohibits women in combat, a long history of female involvement in warfare reaches all the way back to ancient times. Extensive documentation exists covering the role of women working undercover or otherwise involved in intelligence work in each of the two world wars. World War I Mata Hari If asked to name a female spy, most people would probably be able to cite Mata Hari of World War I fame. Real name Margaretha Geertruida Zelle McLeod, the woman the world would come to know as Mata Hari was born in the Netherlands. Her cover was that of an exotic dancer from India. While there is little doubt regarding the legitimacy of Mata Haris life as a stripper and sometimes-prostitute, some controversy surrounds whether she was ever actually a spy. Famous as she was if Mata Hari was a spy, she was fairly inept at it. She was caught following contact with an informant, tried and executed as a spy by France. It later came to light that her accuser was, himself, a German spy, effectively casting doubt on her true role in World War I espionage. Edith Cavell Another famous spy from World War I was also executed as a spy. Edith Cavell was born in England, growing up to become a nurse by profession. When World War I erupted, she was working in a nursing school in Belgium. Although she was not a spy as we generally view them, Edith worked undercover to help transport soldiers from France, England, and Belgium to escape from the Germans. She worked as matron of a hospital and, while doing so, helped at least 200 soldiers to escape. When the Germans realized Cavells role in what was happening, she was put on trial for harboring foreign soldiers rather than espionage, and convicted in two days. She was killed by a firing squad in October of 1915 and buried near the execution site despite appeals from the United States and Spain to return her body to her homeland. After the war, her body was transported back to England. Edith Cavell was finally buried in her native land, following a Westminster Abbey service presided by King George V of England. A statue in her honor was erected in St. Martins Park bearing the simple but apt epitaph, Humanity, Fortitude, Devotion, Sacrifice. The statue also carries the quote she gave to the priest who gave her communion the night before her death, Patriotism is not enough, I must have no hatred or bitterness toward anyone. Edith Cavell had, in her lifetime, cared for anyone in need regardless of which side of the war they fought out of religious conviction. She died as valiantly and honorably as she lived. World War II Two main oversight organizations were responsible for intelligence activities in World War II for the Allies. These were the British SOE, or Special Operations Executive, and the American OSS, or Office of Strategic Services. The SOE was active in virtually every occupied country in Europe along with native operatives in enemy countries, aiding resistance groups and monitoring enemy activity. The American counterpart, the OSS, overlapped some of the SOE operations and also had operatives in the Pacific theater. In addition to traditional spies, these organizations employed many ordinary men and women to covertly provide information on strategic locations and activities while leading apparently normal lives. The OSS eventually became what is now known as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Americas official spy agency. Virginia Hall An American heroine,  Virginia Hall came from Baltimore, Maryland. From a privileged family, Hall attended fine schools and colleges and wanted a career as a diplomat. Her aspirations were thwarted in 1932 when she lost part of her leg in a hunting accident and had to use a wooden prosthesis. Having resigned from the State Department in 1939, Hall was in Paris at the start of World War II. She worked on an ambulance corps until the Henri Philippe Petain-led Vichy government took over, at which point she moved to England, volunteering for the newly-founded SOE. SOE training completed, she was returned to Vichy-controlled France where she supported the Resistance until complete Nazi takeover. She escaped on foot to Spain through the mountains, continuing her work for the SOE there until 1944, when she joined the OSS and asked to return to France. Returned to France, Hall continued to help the underground Resistance by, among other things, providing maps to Allied forces for drop zones, finding safe houses and providing intelligence activities. She assisted in training at least three battalions of French Resistance forces and continuously reported on enemy movements. The Germans recognized her activities and made her one of their Most Wanted Spies, calling her the woman with a limp and Artemis. Hall had many aliases including Agent Heckler, Marie Monin, Germaine, Diane, and Camille. She managed to teach herself to walk without a limp and employed many disguises, foiling Nazi attempts to capture her. Her success in evading capture was as remarkable as the prodigious work she accomplished. Still active as an operative in 1943, the British quietly awarded Hall the MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire). Later, in 1945, she was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross by Gen. William Donovan for her efforts in France and Spain. Hers was the only such award to any civilian woman in all of WWII. Hall continued to work for the OSS through its transition to the CIA until 1966. At that time she retired to a farm in Barnesville, MD until her death in 1982. Princess Noor-un-Nisa Inayat Khan A childrens book author may seem an unlikely candidate for international spy induction, but Princess Noor defied any such expectation. The great-niece of Christian Science founder  Mary Baker Eddy  and daughter of Indian royalty, she joined the SOE as Nora Baker in London and trained to operate a wireless radio transmitter. She was sent to occupied France under the code name Madeline, carrying her transmitter from safe house to safe house, maintaining communications for her Resistance unit,  with the Gestapo trailing her all the way. Khan was captured and executed as a spy in 1944. She was posthumously awarded the George Cross, the Croix de Guerre and the MBE for her valor. Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell Violette Reine Elizabeth Bushell was born in 1921 to a French mother and British father. Her husband Etienne Szabo was a French Foreign Legion officer killed in battle in North Africa. After her husbands death, Bushell was recruited by the SOE and sent to France as an operative on two occasions. On the second of these visits, she was caught giving cover to a Maquis leader. She killed several German soldiers before finally being captured. Despite torture, Bushell refused to give the Gestapo classified information, so was sent to  the concentration camp  Ravensbruck, where she was executed. She was posthumously honored for her work with both the George Cross and the Croix de Guerre in 1946. The Violette Szabo Museum in Wormelow, Herefordshire, England honors her memory as well. She left behind a daughter, Tania Szabo, who wrote her mothers biography,  Young, Brave Beautiful: Violette Szabo GC. Szabo and her highly decorated husband were the most decorated couple in World War II, according to the Guinness Book of World Records. Barbara Lauwers Cpl. Barbara Lauwers, Womens Army Corps, received a Bronze Star for her OSS work, which included using German prisoners for counterintelligence work and cobbling fake passports and other papers for spies and others. Lauwers was instrumental in Operation Sauerkraut, an operation which mobilized German prisoners to spread black propaganda about  Adolf Hitler  behind enemy lines. She created the League of Lonely War Women, or VEK in German. This mythical organization was designed to demoralize German troops by spreading the belief that any soldier on leave could display a VEK symbol and get a girlfriend. One of her operations was so successful that 600 Czechoslovak troops defected behind Italian lines. Amy Elizabeth Thorpe Amy Elizabeth Thorpe, early code name Cynthia, later Betty Pack, worked for the OSS in Vichy, France. She was sometimes used as a swallow- a woman trained to seduce the enemy into sharing secret information- and she participated in break-ins. One daring raid involved taking secret naval codes from a safe within a locked and guarded room. Another involved infiltration of the Vichy French Embassy in Washington D.C., taking important codebooks. Maria Gulovich Maria Gulovich fled Czechoslovakia when it was invaded, emigrating to Hungary. Working with Czech army staff and British and American intelligence teams, she assisted downed pilots, refugees, and resistance members. Gulovich was taken by the KGB and maintained her OSS cover under fierce interrogation while assisting in the Slovak rebellion and rescue efforts for Allied pilots and crews. Julia McWilliams Child Julia Child  was up to much more than gourmet cooking. She wanted to join the WACs or the WAVES but was turned down for being too tall, at a height of 62. Following this rejection, she opted to work in research and development out of the OSS Headquarters in Washington, D.C. Among the projects with which she was involved: a workable shark repellent used for downed flight crews later used for US space missions with water landings and supervising an OSS facility in China. Julia Child handled countless top-secret documents before gaining television fame as The French Chef. Marlene Dietrich German-born  Marlene Dietrich  became an American citizen in 1939. She volunteered for the OSS and served both by entertaining troops on the front lines and by broadcasting nostalgic songs to battle-weary German soldiers as propaganda. She received the Medal of Freedom for her work. Elizabeth P. McIntosh Elizabeth P. McIntosh was a war correspondent and independent journalist who joined the OSS shortly after  Pearl Harbor. She was instrumental in the interception and rewriting of postcards Japanese troops wrote home while stationed in India. She intercepted and detected orders of numerous sorts, chief among them a copy of the Imperial Order discussing terms of surrender which was then disseminated to Japanese troops. Genevieve Feinstein Not every woman in intelligence was a spy as we think of them. Women also played significant roles as cryptanalysts and code breakers for the Signal Intelligence Service (SIS). Genevieve Feinstein was one such woman, having been responsible for creating a machine used to decode Japanese messages. After WWII, she continued to work in intelligence. Mary Louise Prather Mary Louise Prather headed the SIS stenographic section. She was responsible for logging messages in code and preparing decoded messages for distribution. Prather was primarily credited with having uncovered a previously-unnoticed yet distinct correlation between two Japanese messages which led to the decryption of a pivotal new Japanese code system. Juliana Mickwitz Juliana Mickwitz escaped Poland during the Nazi invasion of 1939. She became a translator of Polish, German and Russian documents and worked with the Military Intelligence Directorate of the War Department. She went on to translate voice messages. Josephine Baker Josephine Baker  was a singer and dancer best known at the time as the Creole Goddess, the Black Pearl or the Black Venus for her beauty. But Baker was also a spy working undercover for the French Resistance, smuggling military secrets written in invisible ink on her sheet music  into Portugal from France. Hedy Lamarr Actress Hedy Lamarr made a valuable contribution to the intelligence division by co-producing an anti-jamming device for torpedoes. She also devised a clever way of frequency hopping that prevented the interception of American military messages. Famous for the Road movies with Bob Hope, everyone knew she was an actress but few were aware she was an inventor of military importance. Nancy Grace Augusta Wake New Zealand-born Nancy Grace Augusta Wake, AC GM, was the most decorated servicewoman among Allied troops in WWII. Wake grew up in Australia, working early on as a nurse and later as a journalist. As a journalist, she watched the rise of Hitler, well aware of the dimension of the threat Germany posed. Living in France with her husband at the start of World War II, Wake became a courier for the French Resistance. Among the Gestapos Most Wanted Spies, she was in constant danger, having her phone tapped and her mail read. Nazi Germany eventually put a five million franc price on the head of the woman they called the White Mouse. When her network was uncovered, Wake fled. Forced to leave her husband behind, the Gestapo tortured him to death trying to obtain her location. She was briefly arrested but released and, after six attempts, fled to England where she joined the SOE. In 1944 Wake parachuted back into France to assist the Maquis, where she participated in training highly effective Resistance troops. She once bicycled 100 miles through German checkpoints to replace a lost code and was reputed to have killed a German soldier with her bare hands to save others. After the war she was awarded the Croix de Guerre three times, the George Medal, the Mà ©daille de la Rà ©sistance, and the American Medal of Freedom for her undercover achievements. Afterword These are only a few of the women who served as spies in the two great world wars. Many took their secrets to the grave and were known only to their contacts. They were military women, journalists, cooks, actresses, and ordinary people caught up in extraordinary times. Their stories demonstrate that they were ordinary women of extraordinary courage and inventiveness who helped to change the world with their work. Women have played this role in many wars over the ages, but we are fortunate to have records of quite a few of those women who worked undercover in World War I and World War II, and we are all honored by their accomplishments. Sources and Further Reading The Wolves at the Door: The True Story of Americas Greatest Female Spy  by Judith L. Pearson, The Lyons Press (2005).Sisterhood of Spies  by Elizabeth P. McIntosh, published by the Naval Institute Press.Young, Brave Beautiful: Violette Szabo GC  by Tania Szabo.

How to Make Glow in the Dark Slime

How to Make Glow in the Dark Slime It only takes one more ingredient to turn normal slime into glowing slime. This is a great Halloween project, though its fun for any time of the year. Glowing slime is safe for kids to make. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: about 15 minutes Materials for Glow in the Dark Slime Elmers glue gel or 4%  polyvinyl alcohol  solution4% (saturated) borax solutionPhosphorescent zinc sulfide (ZnS) or glowing paintMeasuring cups/spoonsBowl or zip-top plastic baggieSpoon (optional) Make Glowing Slime Basically, you make glowing slime by adding zinc sulfide or glowing paint to normal slime. These instructions make a clear slime that glows in the dark. However, you could add zinc sulfide to any of the recipes for slime with different characteristics.The slime is made by preparing two separate solutions, which are then mixed. You can double, triple, etc. the recipe if you want more slime. The ratio is 3 parts PVA or glue solution to 1 part borax solution, with a little glow-in-the-dark agent thrown in (measurement isnt critical).First, lets prepare the glue gel or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. If you have polyvinyl alcohol, you want to make a 4% polyvinyl alcohol solution. 4 grams of PVA in 100 ml of water is great, but the project still works if your solution is a different percent of PVA (just takes more or less). Most people do not have PVA sitting around their homes. You can make a glue gel solution by mixing 1 part of glue gel (either clear or pale blue) with 3 parts of war m water. For example, you could mix 1 tablespoon glue with 3 tablespoons warm water, or 1/3 cup glue with 1 cup of warm water. Stir the glow agent into the glue gel or PVA solution. You want 1/8 teaspoon of zinc sulfide powder per 30 ml (2 tablespoons) of solution. If you cannot find zinc sulfide powder, you can stir in some glow-in-the-dark paint. You can find glowing paint at some paint stores or glowing paint powder (which is zinc sulfide) at craft or hobby stores. The zinc sulfide or paint powder will not dissolve. You just want it mixed in really well. Please read the label on the paint to make sure it is safe enough for your purposes.The other solution you need is a saturated borax solution. If you are in a chemistry lab, you can make this by mixing 4 g of borax with 100 ml warm water. Again, most of us arent going to be doing the project in a lab. You can make a saturated borax solution by stirring borax into warm water until it stops dissolving, leaving borax at the bottom of the glass.Mix together 30 ml (2 tablespoons) of PVA or glue gel solution with 10 ml (2 teaspoons) of borax solution. You can u se a spoon and a cup or you can just squish it together with your hands or inside a sealed baggie. The phosphorescent glow is activated by shining a light on the slime. Then you turn out the lights and it will glow. Please dont eat the slime. The slime solution itself isnt exactly toxic, but it isnt good for you, either. Zinc sulfide can be irritating to the skin, so wash your hands after playing with this slime. It may be harmful if swallowed, not because ZnS is toxic, but because it can react to form hydrogen sulfide gas, which isnt great for you. In a nutshell: wash your hands after using the slime and do not eat it. Do not inhale or ingest the glow-in-the-dark ingredient, whichever you choose to use.Store your slime in a baggie or other sealed container to keep it from evaporating. You can refrigerate it if desired. The slime cleans up well with soap and water. Tips for Slime Success The glowing slime in the photo was made using  a glowing paint called Glow Away at Michaels craft store, for $1.99, that is good for many, many batches of glowing slime (or other glowing projects). Its safe, washes away with water, and is easy to mix into the slime gel. It was located with the tempera paints. Other products may work equally well, just be sure to check the label for safety information.Instead of zinc sulfide (the compound used to make plastic glow-in-the-dark stars), you can substitute any phosphorescent pigment. Be sure the product is marked phosphorescent (glows in the dark) and not fluorescent (glows only under black light).You can use Elmers non-toxic blue glue gel for this project, sold with school supplies, but there is a clear glue gel made by another manufacturer, plus there are red or blue glue gels with stars and glitter that you could use.Usually, borax is sold in stores right next to laundry detergent. If you dont see it there, try looking near household cleaning chemicals or on the insecticide aisle (note: boric acid isnt the same chemical, so its not a good idea to  make substitutions).

War as Threat to Value of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

War as Threat to Value of Life - Essay Example There was a time when war had been the order of the day, and warriors used to be looked with great reverence and admiration. Somehow, the two Great Wars of 20th century have realized the people the fatal aftereffects of the bloodshed and aggression, where hundreds of thousands of people died and turned wounded and disabled, along with the reversal of financial and scientific achievements man had invented and devised after the hard efforts of many decades. Hence, wars brought ruination to progress, prosperity, unity and moral values, and crush all ethics and quality of human life under their chariot wheels. It is fact beyond suspicion that the history of war is as old as the history of human arrival on the very face of the earth. â€Å"Distinguished philosopher Immanuel Kant emphatically argues that the state of peace among the people living side by side and remaining in constant interaction with one another cannot be remained peaceful, as it is in the nature of man to contain differ ences with other fellow-beings. It is therefore it is war rather than peace which could be stated as the natural one.† (Porter, 2003: 310) One of the most imperative reasons behind the aggression and antagonism against others includes the innate avaricious nature of humans, which urges them to take the life of the rival out of the feelings of envy, jealousy, anger and fear. It is therefore the individuals and nations attack their opponents in order to deprive them of the privileges they have obtained. The Old Testament also narrates the tale of the Abel’s murder at the hands of his real brother Cain, who was killed because of God’s favor upon him in the form of the acceptance of Abel’s sacrifice. (Genesis 4: 1-17) Thus, the flow of first human blood on the earth paved the way towards the series of killings, assassinations, bloodshed and wars for the future generations to come. However, it was an individual enmity that resulted into fratricide; as the human s are still busy in killing their brethren for the last several centuries, yet their lust of dominating over other individuals has witnessed no satiety at all. History demonstrates the very reality that the wars are commenced, inflicted and fought in the sacred name of religion, justice, peace, solidarity, freedom and human rights, where war mongers destroy human societies, cultures and civilizations just to acquire pelf, power, prestige and possession. It is therefore the warfare inflicted upon humanity during ancient Greek, Hellenistic, Roman and Medieval eras just meant to subjugate the weak neighbors in order to snatch their wealth and resources by killing their men, enslaving their women and annexing their territories to their own countries. The European scramble for Asia and Africa during 17th century onward also reflected the brutality and butchery exercised by the big powers upon the weak and defenseless humans just to declare themselves as the world power. The recent war

All projects are expected to realise a certain Value Essay

All projects are expected to realise a certain Value - Essay Example Taking care of the elderly on an individual or family perspective can be a daunting task hence predisposing the elderly to lower quality of care. The LA project is therefore expected to generate value to the stakeholders such as the construction workers, the government, the families of the elderly, and the general population well-being in general. The family is one of the greatest beneficiaries that tap the benefit of having the elderly among them be taken care of. The challenge of caregiving among the elderly is demonstrated by the costs, energy, and the time taken with the elderly. These three important components can be used in other activities when there is a specialized care that is centralized by the LA. In essence, the elderly gets to have quality care while the family is less involved in the care. This means that they are able to tap insurmountable value from the establishment. The value in the family is also enhanced by the view that little effort is required in looking at the interest of the elderly among them. The LA home environment also adds value to the elderly by making them interact with others and hence have their view of life from the elderly perspective. The chances of the elderly being mistreated will be expected to be minimized since they are kept way from the family members and other caregivers that can easily mistreat them. In addition, the services that is provided in some home settings are poor or inadequate for the wellbeing of the elderly. This means that the elderly get to get quality care from the LA facility. The establishment of the LA project generates value to the constructors that tap a number of related benefits. Though indirectly related to caregiving for the elderly, the construction of the project will require contractors that will be paid in order to develop the project, these will further require suppliers and employees. All these stakeholders among