Comparing Male Dominance in Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, and Em

Support of Male Dominance in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, and Emma  Ã‚   While there is no shortage of male opinions concerning the role of females, which usually approve of male dominance, there is a lack of women expressing views on their forced subservience to men. This past subordination is the very reason there were so few females who plainly spoke out against their position, and the search for females expressing the desire for independence necessarily extends to the few historical works by women that do exist. Jane Austen is a well-known female author, and it is natural that her novels would be studied in an attempt to find a covert feminist voice. However, though certain feminist elements may exist, one common theme found throughout the novels Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, and Emma, makes it impossible to label these works as completely supporting feminism. The idea that women should not be allowed to have power, should be controlled by men, and that males should use their power to the fullest extent is inescapable. This idea is raised repea tedly throughout these novels. One aspect of this theme expresses the belief that women should not have power since it causes women to corrupt themselves and harm those around them. In Pride and Prejudice, Mrs. Bennet and Lady Catherine are prime examples of why women should not be allowed to have control. Though she is not the head of the household, Mrs. Bennet does have control because her husband would rather watch than participate in the family. This is shown when Mrs. Bennet was embarrassing the family by her transparent attempt to give Jane and Mr. Bingley more time together after every one else had left the ball, and Mr. Bennet did not try to c... ...rests of women are served by being controlled and encouraging the full use of male authority. Though this idea is supported by the characters of her imagination and has no basis in reality, it does further advocate the patriarchal power system. Whether Jane Austen was conscience of this theme is unknown, but even if she did not intend for it to occur, it is no less real. Works Cited Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Norton Critical 3rd edition, ed. Donald Gray New York and London: Norton, 2001. Austen, Jane. Emma. Norton Critical 3rd edition, ed. Donald Gray New York and London: Norton, 2001. Austen, Jane. Mansfield Park. Norton Critical 3rd edition, ed. Donald Gray New York and London: Norton, 2001. Trilling, Lionel. "Mansfield Park". Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ian Watt, ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1963.

Bombardier Transportation & the Adtranz Acquisition Essay

Bombardier had evolved from its humble beginnings as a snowmobile manufacturer based in Joseph-Arman an Bombardier’s garage to a global business in which it’s once core recreational products were over shadowed, on a revenue basis at least, by its offerings in transportation, aerospace, and capital. In every segment in which the company operated it was either number 1 or 2 globally. This was not the case for the Transportation group (BT) in Europe, where in 2001 it sat in fourth place behind Alstom, Siemens and Adtranz (AT). However, the AT acquisition presented the opportunity to vault BT to the forefront of the industry. At a price tag of US$715 million (23% of AT’s 2000 revenue) AT was a bargain and an opportunity worth considering for several reasons: Revenue Growth : Unlike all other Bombardier businesses, BT’s revenue was counter-cyclical so growth in the sector would provide better balance to its overall revenue (Figure C1 in Appendix C).With the addition of AT, BT’s annual rail-related revenue could grow to US$7.6 billion in 2001 (up from US$2.2 billion in 2000) with a backlog of US$14.5 billion. 1 While BT was a low margin business it was a cash generator that helped to finance other Bombardier businesses. Geographic Expansion : AT had a presence in a broader range of European markets and the region was viewed as the center of technological development. Asia and South America utilized European engineering and practices so AT provided BT better access to future markets. Completion of Product Portfolio : BT lacked propulsion system and train controls competence. This had been mitigated by outsourcing to competitors and suppliers; however it was a competitive weakness as was exemplified by AT’s exclusion from a key deal in the UK in 2000. AT excelled in these areas, and provided immediate cost synergies and long term strategic strength. Naturally the acquisition was not without its downside. There were many aspects of the deal that warranted consideration: Acquisition Size: While BT had a successfully track record of acquisitions it had never integrated a company of AT’s size. Based on 2000 figures, AT had nearly 40% more employees, just under 50%more in sales, and operated in 60 locales. The differing company structures were also of concern. Financial Performance: AT posted net losses going back 4 years in spite of restructurings. Even at a bargain purchase price, an unsuccessful integration could threaten BT’s income and cash flow. Due Diligence: AT was understandably reticent to let a competitor gain full access to its â€Å"books† should the deal not complete, so BT’s diligence process was not comprehensive. Furthermore BT’s European management had not participated in the deal; only amplifying the potential risks. Customer Loss: The acquisition could trigger the loss of customers or new contracts. Additionally, AT had earned a reputation for poor production and servicing that competitors could exploit. A comprehensive plan would be required to realize the projected synergies, tackle the above noted concerns, and – should the deal clear – anticipate and address regulator stipulations.

What Makes Russia so Homophobic - 1756 Words

What Makes Russia so Homophobic? By Emma Witkin Homophobia is the fear or hatred of homosexuals and homosexuality and is a trait that, according to Olga Khazan, over half of Russian citizens possess. It can be expressed in many different negative ways but it almost always results in harm to LGBT people. Homophobia has become a huge issue in Russia and in 2013 there were 25 hate crimes 2 of which resulted in murder (Spotlight on Russian Homophobia on Eve of Sochi Olympics). Homophobia in Russia has become so extreme that LGBT people can no longer feel safe in their own country. In Russia LGBT people face hate crimes and unjust laws. This has been going on for a long time but the problem has become much mere severe in the last 20 years. The intense and widespread homophobia in Russia is due to the effects of past Russian communism, The Russian Orthodox Church, and the Russian governments homophobic leaders. LGBT people living or visiting Russia face homophobia on a daily basis. There are many hate crimes against LGBT people. In 2013, 25 hate crimes were reported against LGBT people and two murders were reported (â€Å"Make Olympics In Russia The Gayest Ever.†CNN Wire 2 Aug. 2013. Opposing Viewpoints in Context). These hate crimes are directly targeted at people who are LGBT and show the danger and homophobia these people have to face. This shows that Russian homosexuals cannot feel safe in their own country, and that there are many people who feel so strongly againstShow MoreRelatedThe Issues That Are Occurring Within The Lgbt Community1912 Words   |  8 Pagesadoption, or dealing with homophobia and bullying. Homosexuality has also been found to be scientifically explained, which is what this essay will allow the reader to see. It will talk about the Bible for a paragraph, but not go over to much of the Bible, so it will prevent from angering the reader. Homosexuality is talk ed about religiously, politically, and socially which is what makes homosexuality such a big deal. Homosexuality is a major issue that has remained an issue since the beginning of time, andRead MoreLGBT Olympic Athletes Safety in Sochi 1966 Words   |  8 PagesLGBT Olympic Athletes Safety in Sochi Sochi, Russia the city in which the 2014 Winter Olympic Games are being held at is currently under an anti-gay law; along with all of Russia. Vladimir Putin the Russian president signed off a law banning â€Å"Propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships to minors† the law coming into full force on June 30, 2013 (â€Å"The Facts on LGBT in Russia†). America began to wonder how would our lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) athletes fare in an anti-gayRead MoreEssay on The Connection Between Christianity and Homophobia1047 Words   |  5 Pagesstill does.†(Rader, 2012). Many homophobes have used Christianity as an excuse for hate crimes against homosexuals. They believe that homosexuality is a terrible sin and publicly announce it as so. An example would be the recent incident with Phil Robertson of Duck Dynasty being taken off of AE for homophobic statements like â€Å"Start with homosexual behavior and just morph out from there. Beastiality, sleeping around with this woman and that woman and that woman and those men.† Many employees of FoxRead MoreThe Disapproval of Homosexuality in Religion1036 Words   |  4 Pagespeople participating in it consider it is true without a doubt for the reason that it is God’s word. It is somewhat similar to a black sheep stuck in the middle of a crowed white sheep horde, which must continue moving on with the group, for that is what all the other sheep’s are doing. The religious’ judgment on gay sexuality affects the people contributing to the principle, but also those of non-religio us backgrounds, for there is an unintended recollection that same-sex attraction is incorrectRead MoreGender Roles Are Not New For History1556 Words   |  7 Pagesheight, and to make a fashion statement. While this may be true today, high heels were in fact not invented by women for women (Boboltz 1). The origin of high heels are traceable back to the use of male Persian soldiers (Boboltz). These men are said to have invented the raised heels in order to help them mount their horses. Heels were â€Å"essential to the fighting styles of Persia† (Kremer 1). Persian soldiers supposedly invented heels in order to secure their mounting of the horse so that in theRead MoreThe Russian Government Undermines Civil Rights1855 Words   |  8 PagesMegan King English 4 Mr. Kula November 18th, 2014 CLAIM: The Russian Government Undermines Civil Rights. The administration of President Vladimir Putin has chosen to abridge civil liberties in Russia and demolish the growing power of nongovernmental democratic institutions. The government has embarked on a strategy crush any opposing viewpoints and reinforce its own dominance. In July 2012, Vladimir Putin went into action to suppress the basic human rights of Russians. The three fundamentalRead MoreShould College Campuses Be Safe Learning Environments?1648 Words   |  7 Pageswas that of the college administration. Although Vincent Hoffman Martinot, the professor and director of the Bordeaux Political Science College, condemned the incident and stated that the group’s social Facebook page had a â€Å"sexist, offensive and homophobic content,† the college spokesman Jean Petaux declared that it was relatively impossible that one of these students would be expelled. He added that, â€Å"We cannot throw someone out because they clicked ‘like’ on a website!â €  In 2013, a similarRead MoreThe Russian World Russian Federation Essay2245 Words   |  9 Pagesas a source of force and violence (Yakovlev 1996), an etymological result of a continuity beginning from imperial Russia. Although the Russian Federation, the Union Soviet Socialist Republics, the Russian Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia differ significantly, a strong state remains prevalent in the core of Russian history and politics. In short, the nature of political rule in Russia involves a never ending tug of war between the seemingly undying authoritative soulless entity known as the stateRead MoreHuman Rights Abuses for the LGBT Community in Russia2709 Words   |  11 Pageshuman rights abuses against members of the LGBT community in Russia. The LGBT community has been a marginalized group of society in Russia in many ways throughout history, however the legislation that was recently passed in Russia goes a step further to strip these individuals of their human rights and dignity. The legislation is inconsistent with several human rights provisions in international treaties that have been ratified by Russia: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR);Read MoreIs Deviance And The Deviant Label That Is Put Upon Female Athletes?1814 Words   |  8 Pagesbecome more comfortable in their own skin, as for an example, female athletes. Women who participate in sport would have been considered inappropriate and intolerable many years ago, yet millions of female athletes have come forward to prove to all just what they are capable of, while simultaneously breaking a ridiculous norm. Unfortunately, there are still a few who continue to ridicule and resent these women for behaving deviant, by minimizing their wage, over sexualizing them for publicity and creating

Deforestation And Deforestation Of Deforestation - 973 Words

Dr. Seuss once wrote that, â€Å"unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, nothing is going to get better. It s not.† One of the most prevalent environmental issue in the world today is the issue of deforestation. â€Å"Deforestation is when trees are chopped down to clear a forest so the land can be used for other purposes.† (Deforestation Facts and Statistics) While learning the definition of deforestation may not seem like a significant issue in the world, one will find it alarming to know the statistics associated with deforestation. For example, by the year 2030, only ten percent of rainforests may be left (Deforestation Facts and Statistics). Although the lumber harvested from these rainforests across the world serve important purposes, it is unbelievable about the price nature has to pay. The bottom line is: Deforestation of the world’s rainforests is not worth the price paid and two ways to fix it is to push the government to support organizations that push for anti-deforestation and reforestation. = The loss of forest cover is a contributing factor to many environmental problems, including species extinction (Unraveling the Economics of Deforestation). Rainforests are home to countless species of animals, many of which are endangered. While in the United States there are laws like the Endangered Species Act. Trees are still being torn down in enormous quantities, humans are destroying the homes of every species that may live there. When taking into consideration thatShow MoreRelatedDeforestation : Deforestation And Deforestation2094 Words   |  9 Pagesto deforestation. The Amazon is the world’s largest tropical rainforest and it is the world’s source of oxygen. Deforestation has slowed down years ago, but now, it is starting to increase and does not show that it will slow down. Earth without tree’s, the human race and animals would not be able to survive. Today’s society is not taking deforestation as a serious matter. If deforestation were to be l eft alone, the planet and animals would not be the only ones suffering from it. Deforestation isRead MoreDeforestation And Malari Deforestation900 Words   |  4 PagesBen Mendlen ISBL 201 012 A49466712 19 February 2015 Deforestation and Malaria Introduction: Deforestation causes an increase in Malaria. Deforestation is the removing of trees to make it into an empty land. Deforestation occurs all over the world. Humans, who use the resources the forest can provide us, cause a lot of deforestation. Some of the resources we use are the trees it self for wood and also the certain foods it produces. Malaria is a disease. It is an illness that causes fevers by an organismRead MoreDeforestation And Its Effects On Deforestation1505 Words   |  7 Pagesdisappear.† It’s time for the government to take action on deforestation. Rainforests are an important location for indigenous people and animals because that’s where their home belongs. Yet the government and organizations ignore those facts and just demolish their homes in order to gain a new location for productions. It’s a topic that’s constantly debated in politics and society should take a recognition on what’s happening in deforestation. More than half of the world’s rainforests are destroyedRead MoreDeforestation1213 Words   |  5 PagesCONSEQUENCES OF DEFORESTATION In some cases, deforestation can be beneficial. Given the right mix of social needs, economic opportunities, and environmental conditions, it can be a rational conversion from one type of land use to a more productive one. The tragedy lies in the fact that most lands that have been deforested in recent decades are not suited for long-term farming or ranching and they quickly degrade once the forest has been cut and burnt. Unlike the fertile soils of temperate latitudesRead MoreDeforestation And Its Effects On Deforestation Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesDeforestation is â€Å"the act of cutting or burning down all of the trees in an area.† The original area covered by forests was approximately six billion hectares, however the total area of land covered by forests today is only four billion hectares. The issue is only expanding, and its challenges are becoming tougher every day. In fact, approximately sixteen million hectares of forest disappear each year. Forests cover more than twenty five percent of the world’s land, and more than half of that isRead MoreDeforestation Is The Real Consequences Of Deforestation1231 Words   |  5 Pageslike without these forests? If the rate of deforestation continues to increase then we may have to find out the answer to that question. Deforestation is a recurring global problem which is the act of tearing down a forest to use the land for a different purpose. Today’s society is so steadfast on advancement that they aren t stepping back to look at the solutions to the problem, alternatives, nor the very real consequences of deforestation. Deforestation could be destroyed in multiple ways. One ofRead MoreDeforestation Is Justified By Deforestation1964 Words   |  8 Pagesdioxide, a toxic gas. As deforestation occurs, many forests are being wiped out and replaced with farmland. This leads to the question â€Å"Can Deforestation Be Justified?† For the purpose of this essay, deforestation can be defined as Deforestation is the clearing of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest us. Deforestation can be justified because it provides land for farming and natural resources. On the other hand, deforestation cannot be justified becauseRead MoreThe Deforestation Of The Amazons Deforestation1809 Words   |  8 PagesThe Amazons Deforestation Have your eyes ever set on a barren land where even technology can’t reverse the damage we have caused? We care mostly for the present, but we must never forget to see to the future and in this case the deforestation of the Amazons. â€Å"Deforestation is considered the second largest anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere† (Song et al. 2). Each day we are wiping out miles of trees from one of our most diverse ecosystems in the planet, and one of our largestRead MoreArticle Review On Deforestation And Deforestation999 Words   |  4 Pagesstate.gov/habitat-loss. The article focuses on the habitat loss due to deforestation. The author talks about the different purpose of deforestation such as agriculture, forestry, or water projects that endangers the species that live in the area. The article is based on information taken from World Wildlife Fund, IUCN, and Red List. The information that the author provides is important and useful to the topic of deforestation. Overall, the article is well written and well researched. MainstreamRead MoreDeforestation And The Global Issue Of Deforestation934 Words   |  4 Pagessocial causes of deforestation are predominantly created by human needs. In turn these causes hinder sustainability. This report states that although it is important to meet the needs of humans, the needs must be satisfied in a sustainably conscious manner. For this to be achieved, direct effects of each human need must be critically analysed and understood. This paper aims to deliver this by identifying particular human actions that contribute to the global issue of deforestation. Furthermore, the

Social Relevance Report Caffeine Essay - 1787 Words

Social Relevance Report Chemistry TOPIC: CAFFEINE CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-2 1.1 What is caffeine? 1.2 Social Significance 1.3 Overview 2.0 CHEMICAL BACKGROUND 3-5 2.1 Chemical Properties of Caffeine 2.2 Physical Properties of Caffeine 2.3 How Caffeine Works in the Human Body 3.0 SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE 6-9 3.1 How caffeine affects the society? 3.1.1 Health 3.1.2 Caffeine Addiction and Withdrawal 4.0 CONCLUSION 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 1.0 INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1 Coffee Beans (Clip Art, 2010) 1.1 What is caffeine? Caffeine is a white crystalline xanthine alkaloid (refer to Figure 1.2), a psychoactive stimulant drug which has a bitter taste. In 1819,†¦show more content†¦The report also includes how caffeine affects our society in terms of health, caffeine addiction, caffeine withdrawal and future actions to handle this very popular drug. 2.0 CHEMICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Chemical Properties of Caffeine Figure 1.2 Chemical Structure of Caffeine The chemical formula of caffeine is C8H10N4O2 and its systematic or chemical name is 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione. Other names for caffeine are coffeine, theine, mateine, guaranine, or methyltheobromine (Helmenstine, 2010). As caffeine are alkaloids, compounds that naturally contain basic nitrogen atoms. Caffeine is a mild diuretic, meaning it increases the production of urine when consumed. This psychoactive drug is acts as stimulant. In humans, caffeine stimulates the central nervous system, heart rate, and respiration processes. It also has psychotropic (mood altering) properties (Helmenstine, 2010). 2.2 Physical Properties of Caffeine Pure caffeine is odourless, white in colour, looks like fleecy masses, glistening needles or powder and has a bitter taste. Table 1.1 Physical properties of caffeine Physical property Values/ Measurements Boiling point 178  °C (sublimes) Melting point 238  °C Density 1.2 g/cm ³ Volatility 0.5% Vapour pressure 101 kPa at 178  °C pH value 6.9 (1% solution) Solubility in water 2.17% Vapour density 6.7 g/m ³ Molecular weightShow MoreRelatedThe General Search Engine Architecture1137 Words   |  5 Pagesco-owned domains. Cassandra also came down hard on hidden text and hidden links. Brandy- From February 2004 Google rolled out a variety of changes, including a massive index expansion, Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), increased attention to anchor text relevance, and the concept of link neighborhoods. LSI expanded Google s ability to understand synonyms and took keyword analysis to the next level. Google Local/Maps- After launching the Local Business Center in March 2005 and encouraging businesses toRead MoreEnvironmental Sensitivity And Its External Environment1668 Words   |  7 Pagesdifference between vulnerable and resilient individuals (Pluess Belsky, 2013). Aron and Aron (1997) showed environmental sensitivity to be a uni-dimensional construct, characterized by greater sensitivity to subtleties in the environment the effects of caffeine, hunger, and pain, violence in the media, volume, and greater reflectivity. The Sensory-Processing Sensitivity (SPS; 1997) theory suggests that environmentally sensitivity is an underlying, stable personality trait that materializes in infancy, andRead MoreSales Promotion Energy Drink Study3367 Words   |  14 Pagesas supermarkets, grocery stores, corner shops or even convenient shop in petrol stations over UK. A report from Independent indicates that the growth of market for energy and sports drinks has increased b nearly 20 per cent from 2009 and it is anticipated to reach  £1.1 billion market value per year and there has been 209 new energy drinks launched in the past five years in the UK. Mintel also reports that the industry could be worth nearly  £2 billion by 2016. Energy drinks are functional, non-alcoholicRead MoreCoco Cola18335 Words   |  74 Pagesconsumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake ofcalcium,  magnesium,  ascorbic acid,  riboflavin, and  vitamin A.[2]  The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of  caffeine, which can cause  physical dependence.[3]  A link has been shown between long-term regular  cola  intake and  osteoporosis  in older women (but not men).[4]  This was thought to be due to the presence of  phosphoric acid, and the risk was found to be theRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World Of Today s World2976 Words   |  12 PagesThroughout the globalized world of today’s time, the share and flow of information, language, culture, social issues, media, and economic policy is a norm. There is a flow of these factors because of such technologies as the internet and transit solutions like the passenger aircraft that allow both information and people to move around the world instantly or at least at a fraction of the time information used to move, which in turn has created globalization itself and all of the consequences thatRead MoreMarketing Plan of Pepsico5504 Words   |  23 Pagesthreat to their reputation and sales. Therefore, developing consumer-preferred products that can become an integral element in consumers’ daily lives has become an essential issue for beverage industry. Possible environmental factors are as follows: SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT * In 2011, 28 percent of all beverages consumed in the U.S. were carbonated soft drinks. In the United States, 450 different types are sold and more than 2.5 million vending machines dispense them around the clock, including in elementaryRead MoreRed Bull Marketing Plan7856 Words   |  32 PagesHow Red Bull woke up the teen market It looks (and tastes) like medicine, but it still conquered the soft drinks trade. Now the edgy pick-me-up is moving into the grown-up world of motor racing. John Arlidge reports reddit this John Arlidge The Observer, Sunday 5 December 2004 Article history At this time of year fallen leaves shroud the carefully planned suburbs of Milton Keynes. Mist drifts in from the fields. The posh car firms - Mercedes, Volkswagen, Audi - whose UK head offices ringRead MoreThe Increasing Popularity of Yoga Essay4089 Words   |  17 Pagesconsciousness. This, in turn promotes self-satisfaction, a greater understanding of cause and effect, acuity and refinement of the learning process, and a sense of freedom and self worth (Desai 1985). Positive changes in patterns of relationships with social, familial and cultural surroundings are generally observed. Kripalu yogic practice is an ideal means for maintenance of health and wellness. Yoga is easy to learn, especially under the instruction of a competant and knowlegable instuctor, andRead MoreStarbucks E-Marketing7567 Words   |  31 PagesIDENTIFICATION 4 2.1Marketing Mix 4 2.11 Product 4 2.12 Price 4 2.13 Place 5 2.13 Promotion 5 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 8 3.1 SWOT Analysis for Starbucks 8 3.2 PEST Analysis for Starbucks 10 3.21 Political 10 3.22 Economic 10 3.23 Social 11 3.24 Technological 11 4.0 E_MARKETING PLAN 14 4.1 E-Marketing Strategic Planning 14 4.11 Segmentation 14 4.12 Targeting 15 4.13 Differentiation 15 4.14 Positioning 16 4.2 Objectives 18 4.3 E-marketing Strategy 18 4.4 E-marketingRead MoreRed Bull in Marketing5139 Words   |  21 Pages | | |Misconceptions about the product | | |Complaints, e.g. high content of caffeine | | |Response to customer queries | |Behavioural

My Stuff Free Essays

Week of Nov. 19th to Dec. 5th US History Instructor: Fleming/Stamps The BOOK American Anthem Modern American History Chapter 8 pages 227-262. We will write a custom essay sample on My Stuff or any similar topic only for you Order Now Historical Time Line 1914 -1921 National Standards for USH: ERA 7: Understands the changing role of the United States in the world affairs through World War 1. ACT Quality Core Standards C-2 Increasing Influences Challenges: The Essential Question: Identify evaluate the influences of alliances on maintaining peace but then led to our first world war. Learning Target 15: Examine the world events Ideas that led the world in to major conflict. Learning Target 16: Analyze significant events and topics that drove the nation towards World War 1. THINGS TO DO FOR CHAPTER 8: The first world war Pages 228-262. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Read for this chapter 8 pages 228 to 262. HOLT Ch 8 Section 1 Main Idea The Inside Story p. 230 Make a Historical timeline like the one on pp. 228-229. Ch 8 section 1 Key terms People (10 definitions) p. 230 Handout work from CH 8 gives out summative grade. Review Ch 8 Study Guide (Castle Learning) (Taking Notes) Ch 8 Section One (4 parts) Geography skills interactive map p. 233 (2 questions) HOLT Online Resources KEYWORD SE7 CH8 Vocabulary Builder Flashback Reading check p. 235 (1 question) CH 8 Section 1 Assessment p. 237 (questions 1to 4. ) 12. HOLT Online Resources Yl~YJ,qoJ~rvi. comKEYWORD SE7 CH8 Section 1 Quiz 13. HOLT Ch 8 Section 2 Main Idea READ The Inside Story p. 238 14. Ch 8 section 2 Key terms People (10 definitions) p. 238 15. HOLT Online Resources  ·{! i! Nif. iJo. D! w. Qm KEYWORD SE7 CH8 Section 2 Vocabulary Builder Flashback 16. Faces of History p. 239 â€Å"Woodrow Wilson† (1 question) 17. Geography skills interactive map p. 243 (1 question) 18. CH 8 Section 2 Assessment p. 244 (questions 1to 4) 19. HOLT Online Resources KEYWORD SE7 CH8 Section 2 Quiz 20. American Literature Primary Sources p. 245 (2 questions) 21. HOLT Ch 8 Section 3 Main Idea READ The Inside Story p. 246 22. Ch 8 section 3 Key terms Pe ople (10 definitions) p. 246 23. HOLT Online Resources 26. HOLT Online Resources 1:’V’l;~.! lrif. go. hrN. com 27. 28. 9. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. KEYWORD SE7 CH8 Vocabulary Builder Flashback SE7 CH8 Section 3 Quiz 24. Primary Sources† Propaganda Poster† p. 251 (2 questions) 25. CH 8 Section 3 Assessment p. 252 (questions 1to 4) KEYWORD 35. LANDMARK SUPREME COURT CASES â€Å"Schenck† p. 253 (2 Questions) HOLT Ch 8 Section 4 Main Idea READ The Inside Story p. 254 Ch 8 section 4 Key terms People (10 definitions) p. 254 HOLT Ch 8 Section 3 Vocabulary Builder Flashback THE FOURTEEN POINTS p. 256 Counterpoints â€Å"League of Nations† p. 257 (1 question) Geography skills interactive map p. 58 (1 question) CH 8 Section 4 Assessment p. 259 (questions 1to 4) HOLT Online Resources ~†j{;fw. g. Q.. h{~. CCi:nKEYWORD SE7 CH8 Section 4 Quiz 36. Ch 8 Document Based Investigation â€Å"Skills focus† p. 261 (4 Questions) 37. Chapter 8 Review p. 262 (12 questions) 38. Chapter 8 Exam 2 parts Multiple Choice and Constructive Response Links for Enrichment of Students Knowledge for Chapter 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Out break of WW1: bttp:litlouhJ,b~i! Cbl~E3ToePA Alliance System 1914: h;;tp:[f’yJ’if,! Vii. V9’yhlbe. com! watc!! Jv†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsff1! vc! Ei[v; Facts on WW1: m1I!. J[i:’:~! :It1dJ? ~tjf,f:–‘,~Jol,~{[Q! J Sinking of the Lusitania: !. ltiif11t! 211:rn. J2 §L~i~~~Eig~tJl’i Excerpt of Farewell to Arms: http://youttl. b~/ ·v#9CIPi)isi~ WW1 Patriotism Propaganda: hHp:! Jfoutu. beIROWm80f3j$ C Landmark SCC â€Å"Schenk v. United States 1919†³: ilti~;ilvol. i~u. bf,f5s2mlN::GMJ Treaty of Versailies:m1p:ifwlf. PNJ’lsto;y. comlt{Jpl;;~{vrlQ:}i! fii’. ihfjde9s#i:rea’iV ·(}'{ov~r$z;! lie §Ã‚ ·Ã‚ §JJfr:y;J0rlcl†Af8d League of Nations: Imll;[[1m,! Jtsi,:t},~~n~~h’:iA~:illj~! i;;J,i Trench Warfare: ~y(lublJ:;! e! :SLH::::aq~n†I~! KM r How to cite My Stuff, Essay examples

Comparative of Digital Modulation Techniques Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction: – The migration to 4G webs will convey a new degree of outlook to wireless communications. As after digital radio revolution made nomadic phones available for everyone. the higher velocities and package bringing of 4G webs will do high quality multimedia available everyplace. The key to accomplishing this higher degree of service bringing is a new air interface. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ( OFDM ) is an alternate radio transition engineering to CDMA. OFDM is a digital transition and multiplexing technique. In this paper. we have discussed assorted digital transition techniques such as BPSK ( 2bits ) . QPSK ( 4 spots ) . QAM. 16 QAM and 64 QAM. We have designed simulation environment in MATLAB with assorted constellations of OFDM technique. The chief aim of our work is to mensurate Bit Error Rate with different transition strategies and come to the best constellation to accomplish better use of bandwidth. We have studied bing constellations with par allel and digital transition techniques and compared the consequences. The drive force behind the demand to fulfill this demand is the detonation in nomadic telephone. Internet and multimedia services coupled with a limited wireless spectrum. Cardinal Wordss: OFDM ; 3G ; 4G ; BPSK ; QPSK ; Bit Error Rate ( BER ) ; WIMAX ; QAM. I. INTRODUCTION Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ( OFDM ) is an alternate radio transition engineering to CDMA. OFDM has the possible to excel the capacity of CDMA systems and supply the wireless entree method for 4G systems. OFDM is a transition strategy that allows digital informations to be expeditiously and faithfully transmitted over a wireless channel. even in bearers. These bearers are on a regular basis spaced in frequence. organizing a block of spectrum. The frequence spacing and clip synchronism of the bearers is chosen in such a manner that the bearers are extraneous. intending that they do non do intervention to each other. This is despite the frequence ( Frequency Division Multiplexing ) and these bearers are extraneous to each other. hence Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. In OFDM. useable bandwidth is divided into a big figure of smaller bandwidths that are mathematically extraneous utilizing fast Fourier transforms ( FFTs ) . Reconstruction of the set is performed by the opposite fast Fourier transform ( IFFT ) . Carriers overlapping each other in the frequence sphere. The name „OFDM? is derived from the fact that the digital information is sent utilizing many bearers. each of a different Attenuation is bead in signal power when conveying from one point to another which is caused due to shadowing /slow attenuation and it can be avoided by dividing the signal into many little bandwidth bearers like OFDM does. This lead to little loss in bearer instead than complete loss. Delay spread is the clip spread between the reaching of the first and last multipath signal seen by receiving system. In digital system the hold spread can take to inter-symbol intervention. This can be minimized in many ways. one method is to cut down the symbol rate by cut downing the information rate for each channel i. e. split the bandwidth into more channels by utilizing frequence division multiplexing another is to utilize a cryptography strategy while is relevant to bury symbol intervention such as CDMA. In this paper we have chiefly focused on WIMAX engineering and simulated it in Matlab ( Simulink ) . Most users are acute to utilize wireless medium with greater velocity and that is supported utilizing the bing substructure. Many researches have been proved that WIMAX is answer for user?s outlook and this paper will reply to all the inquiries sing confusion on taking the best transition technique to utilize non merely to acquire better use of available bandwidth but besides how to minimise the BER. More information sing WIMAX specification and advantages is explained in [ 1 ] . WIMAX at base degree make usage of OFDM and our research started with convenient theoretical account of OFDM and uses that theoretical account in WIMAX to acquire better consequence. Observation and decision sing the same will be discussed in following subdivisions. II. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF OFDM Fig 1: Block Diagram OFDM ( Sender and Receiver ) OFDM is digital transition every bit good as multiplexing technique. So we have chosen PSK as digital transition technique. Different signifier of PSK such as BPSK ( 2-PSK ) . QPSK ( 4-PSK ) . 8-PSK and 16-PSK has been used to measure to happen which transition technique will be suited to acquire maximal benefit from available web. For simulation the entire figure of spots that has been transferred is adjusted harmonizing to the transition technique that has been used. For BPSK we have considered 12000 spots of informations and increased the value to ISSN: 2277-3754ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology ( IJEIT ) Volume 2. Issue 2. August 2012 ? Fig 2 clearly shows the comparative survey of the 24000. 36000 and 48000 for QPSK. 8-PSK and 16-PSK fake transition techniques. from where we can severally. conclude that in footings of BER. BPSK is the best Angstrom. Stairss Involved in Simulation: where as if we take into consideration of throughput 1. Take input so 16-PSK is far better than other transition It can be random informations. sine moving ridge. cosine moving ridge or techniques. sound input. Mathematically it has been proved that as we go on 2. Encode the informations increasing order of transition throughput is about Encode the information utilizing Convolution Encoding doubled. technique. 3. Transition III. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WIMAX The transition techniques used in this undertaking Steps involved in Simulation are as follows: are 2-PSK. 4-PSK ( QPSK ) . 8-PSK and 16-P SK. 1. Generate random binary informations. The end product of this transition technique is existent 2. Generate pulsation for the same and randomise it. and fanciful value. Merely existent portion is taken into 3. Convert spots into whole number. consideration. The existent portion is sent to following block 4. Coding Technique for farther processing. i. R S Encoder 4. OFDM transition two. Convolution Encoder Convert consecutive informations into analogue. 5. Interleave Apply IFFT to the parallel informations. 6. Transition technique ( Depending upon SNR Add cyclic prefix to the processed information. value matching transition technique is Convert parallel data to consecutive. chosen ) . List of techniques are i. BPSK 5. Send the signal two. QPSK Add noise to the bearer. three. General QAM Pass bearers through AWGN channel taking four. 16-QAM SNR=11db. v. 64-QAM 6. OFDM Demodulation 7. Multiplex the information ( Assembler ) Convert series to parallel. 8. Use IFFT Remove cyclic prefix. 9. Adding Cyclic Prefix Apply FFT. 10. S end informations from Rayleigh melting channel and 7. Demodulation AWGN Channel. Apply matching demodulation technique. 11. Opposite of all the above explained stairss is 8. Decode the informations performed by Receiver Decoder for whirl encryption technique is 12. The Decoding techniques for encoder are as Vertibri Decoder. which is used. follows: 9. The standard informations is so checked with original i. R S Decoder for R S Encoder input informations and BER and Loss of spot is calculated. two. Vertibri Decoder for Convolution Encoder 13. The Received information is so compared with original informations to cipher BER. A. Simulation Environment for WIMAX WIMAX by and large works between 1. 25 to 20 MHz ; this simulation can besides be simulated in between these two values. The user can choose the bandwidth and hold spread and SNR value and on footing of that corresponding transition technique is chosen which can be changed ( if user wants to ) while playing simulation. The simulation is Fig 2: Plot of SNR value in dubnium to BER ( X axis SNR run for 2 mins and the consequence for No. of spots sent. Total A ; Y axis BER ) . figure of Bit Error and BER can be viewed in System Performance trial block. The comparative analysis for B. Out Come: every transition technique along with WiMAX faculty ? As we increase the order of transition throughput is given in following subdivision ( Observation 1increases but BER value goes on increasing. Observation2 ) ? If we consider merely BER value into history and non Observation-1 the throughput so BPSK is the best transition Channel Bandwidth=1. 25 MHz technique since figure of mistake in even little SNR Delay=1/4 values are minimum as compared other transition technique. 1. Modulation technique=BPSK Coding rate=1/2